What Causes Solar Panel Degradation | UV Exposure, Thermal Stress, Material Aging

UV radiation causes year decline reduce about 0.5%–0.8%; hot answer force temperature difference > 25℃ easy micro crack; material old transform make efficiency 10 years drop fall about 10%, need choose high quality module and period fix period detect measure.

UV Exposure

Light wave too strong

Wavelength at 280 nanometers to 400 nanometers exactly between UV thread carries 3.1 to 4.4 electron volts' energy, can easily cut break high molecule material inside part key energy is only 3.4 electron volts' carbon carbon single key. At year flat equal radiate amount exceed pass 1800 kilo watt hours every square meter's area domain, one piece panel every year receives pure UV light energy about occupying total light spectrum energy's 5% to 7%.

Continuous exposure to bare 5,000 hours after, light child carry load's energy flow will lead to cause seal package module inside part 15% have machine molecule chain happen produce break split answer reaction. Surface flat equal run row temperature every up rise 10 degrees Celsius, partner follow UV thread lead send's light chemistry drop solution speed rate exactly will become double increase add 1.5 times to 2 times.

Paint layer rub wear

Cover cover at 3.2 milli meters thick steel transform glass surface's many holes two oxygen transform silicon resist reverse shoot paint layer, early start thick degree by strict limit control at 120 nano meters to 140 nano meters exactly between. Experience pass accumulate total 60 kilowatt hours every square meter's UV radiate test try after, paint layer's hole gap rate will from before setup's 25% shrink close to 18% below. Paint layer thickness only needs to rub wear drop 20 nano meters, glass bound face's fold shoot rate exactly will from reason think's 1.22 deviate leave to 1.35 above. Fold shoot rate up rise 0.13 unit, every day will have extra outside 2.5% enter shoot light child by reverse shoot return big air layer, make become module short road electric flow drop fall about 1.8% to 2.2%. Long period watch measure data number display clear, throw enter run row's number 120 months, paint layer's complete body penetrate light degree will not can reverse ground slide drop to 91.2% left right.

Glass changes color

Mix mix did 0.01% to 0.02% iron element's normal rule light volt glass, at receive catch accumulate total 100 kilo watt hours every square meter's UV thread violent sun shine after, inside part's two price iron leave child will suck receive wave length about 320 nano meters' light child and happen produce oxygen transform. Iron leave child's transform change will let complete piece thick degree for 3.2 milli meters' glass present out micro weak's tea color, lead make wave length at 380 nano meters to 1100 nano meters exactly between's can use light flat equal penetrate pass rate drop fall 0.5% to 0.8%. Single piece area area domain for 2 square meters' glass at happen produce penetrate light degree slide slope after, every day will lose lose about 0.04 degree to 0.06 degree's theory power generation amount.

Prevent sun agent exhaust complete

Thick degree pass normal for 0.45 millimeter EVA glue film at our factory time will strong system mix enter quality divide number for 0.1% to 0.3% UV thread suck receive agent and suffer block amine light steady fix agent. Every experience passes 1,000 hours' strong violent UV thread shine shoot, match square middle about will have 4% to 6% resist UV thread add extra agent by exhaust consume completely finished. When 0.45 millimeters thick's glue film loses 80% above's UV thread suck receive agent protect protect time, penetrate shoot rate at wavelength 400 nano meters near near will happen produce steep drop. Experiment room's add speed old transform match compare test try table clear, experience pass equal effect 15 years' outside door UV agent measure violent sun shine, lose lose protect protect's EVA layer will let wave length at 350 nano meters to 450 nano meters section space's light spectrum penetrate pass rate lose lose about 12% to 16%. Special fix wave section light pass amount's subtract little, will push force single piece peak value power 400 watts' panel at direct noon time divide's real exact output power again subtract little 6 watts to 8 watts.

Bottom board change crisp

The position at the bottom part of the panel's PET back board possesses a 250 micro meters to 300 micro meters' thick degree, bear carry catch separate cut water steam and provide supply high reach 1000 volts system electric pressure cut edge's double heavy task object. At accumulate total receive catch exceed pass 30 kilo watt hours every square meter's UV thread radiate after, PET material's knot crystal degree will from early period's 35% different normal climb rise to 50% above. Knot crystal degree lift rise 15 hundred divide points will let back board's break split stretch long rate from original early's 150% sudden drop to not arrive 50%, physical quality base become get different normal crisp weak. One morning, backboard out appear deep degree exceed pass 50 micro meters' micro small turtle crack, outside part ring border middle's water steam penetrate pass rate exactly will from every day every square meter 1 gram whirlwind rise to every day every square meter 3.5 grams. Seep enter inside part's 3.5 grams water steam will with remain leave's vinegar sour happen produce answer reaction, at connect down come's 24 months inside take gather flow strip's electric block value push high about 15% to 20%.

Edge border crack space

Panel edge border part bit's seal close silicon glue at experience pass continuous 5 years' high strong degree UV thread shine shoot after, Shao's hard degree will from early period's 45A climb rise to 65A above. Hard degree increase add 20 units will lead to edge border prevent water layer's bullet nature shape transform merit ability lose lose 40%, at wide degree only for 8 milli meters to 10 milli meters' aluminum edge frame knot cross place form become micro small's physical space gap. Exceed pass 0.2 milli meters wide's space gap foot enough let hair fine present elephant take rain water suck enter module inside part, take edge border cell piece's cut edge electric block from standard rule's 50 mega ohms fast speed pull low to 5 mega ohms below. Cut edge electric block violent drop 90% will pull send leak electric flow become double increase add, push force reverse change device at every day clear morning compare normal shape state late start up 15 minutes to 30 minutes.

Real exact measure match compare

· Nation border electric work committee member meeting setup fixes IEC 61,215 standard rule clear sure request, light volt module must need at test try cabin inside bear receive accumulate total 15 kilo watt hours every square meter's UV radiate, and test try front back's most big output power decline reduce not get exceed pass 5%.

· At sun shine strong violent's area domain run row 3 years, panel real exact bear receive's UV agent measure will light loose break break 45 kilo watt hours every square meter's experiment room door threshold.

· Change exchange adopt use POE material quality's seal package glue film, will let single piece module's produce produce complete cost increase add about 8 Chinese Yuan to 12 Chinese Yuan, long period UV thread block water nature merit compare pass down EVA material high out reach little 3 times.

· At the back board, outside layer, extra outside increase add one layer 25 micro meters thick's fluorine film paint layer, can block cut 99% above wave length small than 380 nano meters' UV light, take complete set module's physical use use life span hard nature pull long 4 years to 6 years.

· Gather collect from 100 thousand samples' real exact ground walk examine report table clear, back board because UV thread pass degree shine shoot and happen produce yellow change and open crack's rate rate, at module serve duty's number 84 month to number 108 month period time will reach arrive 28%'s peak value.

· Give every piece of silicon piece an increase of about 0.5 US cents' resist light decline reduce work art budget, can take UV thread pull send's early start light cause decline reduce rate from 2.5% strong line press shrink to 0.8% inside.

Thermal Stress

Swell shrink not one

Panel inside part arrange put many kinds of physical belong nature cut exact not same's material, morning early 6 o'clock's ring border air temperature stay at 10 degrees Celsius, down noon 1 o'clock violent sun shine under's surface temperature whirlwind rise to 75 degrees Celsius, high reach 65 degrees Celsius's temperature difference wave move will push force each kind material quality take complete whole not same's speed rate happen produce swell expand.

Single crystal silicon piece's line nature swell expand tie number only have million divide of 2.6, outside layer aluminum match metal edge frame's swell expand tie number high reach million divide of 23, surface layer 3.2 milli meters thick's steel transform glass swell expand tie number stay at million divide of 9's water flat.

Take one piece long degree for 2000 milli meters' standard rule module come calculate count, at 65 degrees Celsius's air temperature difference under, aluminum edge frame will towards outside stretch show about 2.99 milli meters, glass only will stretch long 1.17 milli meters, two people between 1.82 milli meters' bit shift difference every day all at edge border seal close silicon glue place happen produce 40 mega Pascals to 55 mega Pascals' cut cut answer force. Thick degree for 0.45 millimeter's EVA seal package glue film swell expand tie number pass normal at million divide of 300 left right, shape transform speed rate exceed out silicon piece near 100 times, violent heavy's body volume change transform every day all will at 160 micro meters thick's crisp weak silicon piece surface give add every millimeter 15 Newtons to 25 Newtons' physical pull drag force.

Rely on IEC 61215's hot circle ring test try standard rule (TC200), module need need at zero down 40 degrees Celsius to zero up 85 degrees Celsius exactly between experience pass 200 times high low temperature circle ring, every time circle ring's temperature change transform speed rate by strict limit fixed in every minute 100 degrees Celsius inside, accumulate total give add at inside part string connect metal part bit's tired labor shape transform amount pass normal will break break 0.05 milli meters to 0.08 milli meters' door threshold value.

Connect not up

Bear duty string connect complete part 60 pieces or 72 pieces cell board's plate tin copper weld strip, wide degree pass normal setup fix at 0.9 milli meters to 1.5 milli meters, thick degree maintain at 0.2 milli meters to 0.3 milli meters section space. At long reach, 365 days' day night temperature difference reverse double rub rub under, weld material match metal's bow bend strong degree will from out factory time's 35 mega Pascals one road slide drop to 5 years after's 15 mega Pascals below.

Copper base material with tin lead paint layer cross bound place's metal between transform match object (IMC) layer will partner follow ring border temperature cycle period nature wave move and continuous keep increase thick, micro small empty hole's straight path will from most early's 1 micro meter to 2 micro meters swell expand to 10 micro meters to 15 micro meters. Micro empty hole block stop did electric child's self reason move move, weld point position's contact touch electric block will from 0.005 ohms jump rise to 0.05 ohms.

String connect electric road middle increase add 0.045 ohms' extra outside electric block, at 9 amperes' standard rule work electric flow under, will lean empty make build out 3.6 watts' extra outside send hot damage exhaust, push force local part area domain's work temperature again degree climb rise 4 degrees Celsius to 7 degrees Celsius.

Hold bad tube child

Install setup at back face's connect thread box inside match prepare did 3 pieces forehead fixed electric flow for 15 amperes to 20 amperes, most big reverse towards bear pressure value reach arrive 45 volts' beside road two extreme tube. When one piece of tree leaf or one small block of bird shit covers a block, live even if it has only 5 square centimeters' catch light area, two extreme tubes will at 0.1 seconds inside fast speed lead pass, take 5 watts to 8 watts' hot amount release put at body volume only have 20 cube centimeters' dense close plastic box child inside. Half lead body PN knot's inside part knot temperature (Tj) will be 120 seconds inside from normal state's 65 degrees Celsius crazy whirlwind to 140 degrees Celsius. Only need PN knot's knot temperature at 200 degrees Celsius above's extreme end shape state under accumulate total run row break break 50 hours, silicon material's crystal grid knot build exactly will bear suffer not can reverse's physical hit pass.

Two extreme tube's positive towards pressure drop will from normal's 0.4 volts different change for 0 volts' short road shape state, or complete bottom cut open present out no poor big's open road block resist. If happen produce open road trouble barrier, single piece panel's output electric pressure will blink time steam send 33.3%, original early 30 volts' work electric pressure will violently drop to 20 volts, fold calculate to one piece standard call power 400 watts' shape number on, every day white white flow lose about 0.55 degree to 0.65 degree's can change cash electric amount.

In the summer season, direct noon, 1000 watts every square meter's radiate shine degree under, connect thread box inside part's ring border temperature pass normal maintain keep at 80 degrees Celsius to 95 degrees Celsius's section space inside float move, this time two extreme tube's reverse towards leak electric flow will from room temperature shape state under's 2 micro amperes present out point number level violent increase to 200 micro amperes to 300 micro amperes, big broad pull high did system's no say power damage exhaust budget.

Divide layer did

Long period stay at 50 degrees Celsius day-night temperature difference shake wave under's material quality, inside part high molecule seal package glue layer with glass surface's physical attach catch force will present out one strip steep cliff's down drop curve thread. Head 8 to 10 years' run row cycle period inside, EVA glue film's strip away strong degree will from out factory standard rule's every centimeter 60 Newtons drop fall to every centimeter 20 Newtons below. Stick connect force further one step down, look at every centimeter 15 Newtons' face bound point time, micro small's empty gas gas bubble exactly will at main grid thread near near gather gather, form become straight path 0.5 milli meters to 2 milli meters' local part take off layer area.

Light thread passes through an empty gas gap, time happens, produces number two times fold shoot, will let bear influence's 5 to 10 square centimeters area domain inside's penetrate light rate sudden drop 8% to 12%. Water steam penetrate pass rate (WVTR) will smooth catch strip away happen produce's micro view space gap heavy increase 400%, sea amount water molecule invade enter after will fast speed oxygen transform thick degree only have 10 micro meters' silk net print brush silver thread, take complete body string connect electric block's deviate difference value pull big 12% to 18%.

Board child shape transform

Size measures 2,200 millimeters multiplied by 1,100 millimeters' big area domain complete board pass normal rely depend 4 pieces press block firm fix at aluminum match metal lead rail on. Summer season, no wind's direct noon, positive face welcome catch sun radiate's glass face temperature high reach 75 degrees Celsius, back towards sun light and touch near roof top shadow's back board face temperature stop stay at 55 degrees Celsius. 35 millimeters thick's aluminum edge frame cut face two extreme exist exist's 20 degrees Celsius temperature step degree, will push force complete one long square shape's geometry center towards outside happen produce 3 milli meters to 5 milli meters' physical bow shape bend curve.

5 millimeters' scratch degree shape transform, will take 30 mega Pascals to 45 mega Pascals' pull stretch answer force no little keep stay ground pass hand give position at most bottom layer's crystal silicon crystal piece. If exactly good fold add every square meter 2400 Pascals' array wind move state wind pressure carry load, original root only has 20 micro meters long's micro view crack lines towards four round spread stretch and play transform become 5 centimeters long no electric flow dead area's rate rate, will heavy violent climb rise 35 hundred divide points.

Count total exceed pass 250 thousand pieces step back duty sample book's red outside hot picture machine scan description data number gather prove real, exist exist hot answer force tired labor lack trap's local part area domain, normal work shape state under's middle position temperature mutual compare round edge health area domain high out 7.4 degrees Celsius, local part count total square difference read number wide general exceed pass 12, present out extreme degree not steady fix's leave scatter shape state.

Temperature deviation difference

At one seat install machine capacity for 5 megawatts' business industry level power generation data number base middle, day flat equal temperature difference only have 15 degrees Celsius's warm peace air weather area domain record gets year flat equal module decline reduce rate stop stay at 0.65%'s water flat. At day, the temperature difference is high, reaching 45 degrees Celsius's sand desert air weather test try field inside, same batch second produce out's year flat equal power decline reduce rate whirlwind rise arrived 0.88%.

Every day's temperature shakes broad every towards up climb rise 10 degrees Celsius, inside part metal mutual connect knot build's tired labor life span exactly will according match ratio shrink subtract about 48% to 52%. Take standard rule size measure crystal piece cut cut become two half's half piece work art, can enough strong system take single string's work electric flow from 10 amperes chop to 5 amperes, profit use square reverse match fix law take electric flow flow pass metal weld strip happen produce's ohm send hot amount (I²R) press low complete complete 75%. Ohm hot damage exhaust's big broad subtract little, make base standard run row peak value temperature steady fix drop fall did 2 degrees Celsius to 3.2 degrees Celsius, take because hot swell cold shrink pull send's physical damage bad knot point towards back push late did about 43 months to 55 months.

Material Aging

Change yellow to dark

Thick degree maintain keep at 0.45 milli meters to 0.6 milli meters' standard rule gather B alkene - vinegar sour B alkene ester (EVA) glue film, at out factory number one day time's yellow color point number (YI value) pass normal by strict limit control at 1.0 to 1.5's section space.

Expose bare at flat equal ring border temperature reach arrive 35 degrees Celsius and mutual towards wet degree keep hold at 60%'s outside door test try field middle run row long reach 120 months after, EVA high molecule chain middle's vinegar sour ester base group will happen produce big rule model's water solution answer reaction.

Water solution pass process will continuous keep release put out thick degree reach arrive every liter 0.03 moles to 0.05 moles' self reason state vinegar sour molecule, push force complete piece penetrate light glue film's yellow color point number one road whirlwind rise to 15 to 22's different normal section space.

Send yellow's glue film at physical layer face on change become one piece low efficiency filter light piece, take wave length stay at 380 nano meters to 500 nano meters section space's can use short wave light child suck receive completely finished.

At light pass amount by this layer change different material quality block cut after, reach arrive 160 micro meters thick crystal silicon surface's penetrate shoot rate will from early start shape state's 91.5% slide drop to 82.4%.

9.1%'s light learn pass penetrate rate fold damage, single piece design plan peak value power for 450 watts' module, its real exact most big output power's middle position number will not can pull return ground steam send drop about 35 watts.

Base at 10 thousand pieces sample book's old transform count total model shape display clear, this kind send yellow drop solution present elephant lead cause's light learn decline back mistake difference extreme low, standard rule difference only for 1.2, present out extreme degree steady fix's line nature bad transform return return go trend.

Backboard open crack

Position at panel's bottom layer, gather towards benzene two sour B two alcohol ester (PET) with fluorine film paint layer double match and become's cut edge back board, thick degree rule grid setup fix at 300 micro meters to 350 micro meters exactly between.

Experience 15 years' continuous UV thread bomb strike with high low temperature cross change pull drag, PET material quality's molecule knot crystal degree will from out factory time's 30% climb rise to 55%'s physical extreme value.

High knot crystal degree follow it and comes is break split stretch long rate's break cliff style violent drop, from most early's 150% shrink close to not foot 30%, material quality base from extreme possess soft nature's soft nature plastic back transform become did extreme easy break smash's hard shell.

The surface only needs to spread full deep degree break break 100 micro meters' net shape micro crack lines, block separate outside part water steam's physical prevent line exactly announce tell break damage.

Water steam penetration rate (WVTR) point mark will from every day every square meter 1.5 grams fast speed swell expand to every day every square meter 8.5 grams.

Every day, the lean empty increases by 7 grams. Swim leaves state water molecule seep into inside part space gap, take inside part thread road towards big ground's cut edge leak electric flow from standard rule's 10 micro amperes push high arrive did shock person's 350 micro amperes.

Leak electric flow's violent increase leads to complete one power generation array row at clear morning micro weak light shine under's reverse change device start up electric pressure, need need from 200 volts hard difficult climb rise to 250 volts talent can strong line complete finish merge net move make.

System every day's real exact merge net time because this by pull late did about 25 minutes, single piece module every day firm fix flow lose drop about 0.02 degrees to 0.03 degrees can change cash electric amount.

Thread line grow rust

Bear duty gather collect and lead out electric child's positive face silver soup grid thread wide degree only have area area 40 micro meters to 50 micro meters, thick degree only stop at 10 micro meters to 15 micro meters' add work extreme limit.

Outside, water steam with EVA water solution happens produce's inside part vinegar sour at silicon piece surface gather join after, form becomes one kind PH value long period walk round at 4.5 to 5.5 exactly between's weak sour nature electric solution liquid.

Possess prepare rot eat nature's micro view liquid body ring border, take every month about 0.05 micro meters' invade eat speed rate, continuous keep exhaust consume catch silver grid thread surface layer's lead electric cut face area.

Follow catch cut face area's absolute shrink water, gather flow net network's equal effect string connect electric block (Rs) value from number 1 year's 0.35 ohms slow slow lift rise to number 15 year's 1.45 ohms.

String connect electric block heavy increase 1.1 ohms, when 9.5 amperes' work full carry load electric flow passes across time, rely according square reverse match fix law calculate count's thread road hot damage exhaust power will from 31 watts violent rise to 130 watts.

Extra outside happen produce's near 100 watts waste hot, complete whole no method pass cross old transform send crisp's back board have effect scatter send out go, push force local part hot spot area domain's middle position temperature break break 95 degrees Celsius's safe full red line.

Module complete body's fill fill cause child (FF) parameter bear this influence, from standard rule's 0.78 drop fall to 0.68 below, take complete piece electric road board's electric energy transform change match rate strong line press low did 12.8%.

Stick not live did

Glass panel, silicon piece with back board exactly between original root rely depend strip away strong degree high reach every centimeter 65 Newtons' gather match object glue film tight tight paste join, form become one piece thick degree for 40 milli meters' real heart layer press knot build piece.

Experience pass did exceed pass 3000 times day night temperature difference bring machine tool answer force shape transform, as well as water molecule occupy occupy cross connect bound face's physical break bad after, stick connect face's attach catch force will slide drop to every centimeter 12 Newtons' danger risk number value.

Attach catch force one morning drop break every centimeter 15 Newtons' face bound value, area area domain reach arrive 10 square centimeters to 50 square centimeters' not rule grid take off layer empty cavity exactly will at panel edge border and aluminum gather flow strip near near big area area domain violent send.

Empty cavity inside part fill full catch fold shoot rate only for 1.0's empty gas, and round surround not take off drop EVA material's fold shoot rate high reach 1.48, two people cross bound place happen produce complete reverse shoot present elephant's rate rate present out point number level up rise.

Enter shoot light child have 18% to 22%'s rate rate will by complete reverse shoot return big air layer, complete bottom lose lose bump hit half lead body crystal grid happen produce electric child empty hole pair's machine meeting.

Red outside hot become picture machine pull take's measure temperature data number display clear, reason because empty cavity complete bottom block cut did towards outside hot pass lead's route path, take off layer area domain up direction's silicon piece real exact run row temperature square difference read number break break did 18, most high peak value temperature with normal area domain's temperature deviate difference pull big arrive did 14.5 degrees Celsius.

Decline back calculate account

Towards one seat install machine capacity for 10 megawatts' small shape business industry level electric station carry out complete life cycle period capital property measure calculate, up state four items material old transform pull send's year exactly between power generation amount subtract little amount present out not line nature's add speed down fall curve thread.

Front 50 months' year flat equal power generation amount decline reduce rate still can maintain keep at 0.5%'s flat slow section space inside.

Run row time cross pass number 120 month's test try turn point, complete gather old transform effect answer will let complete station's year power decline reduce rate jump rise to 1.2% to 1.5%'s high position section space.

Add speed bad transform's hard piece shape state will push force project run row business at number 15 year pull front divide pull about 150 thousand Chinese Yuan to 250 thousand Chinese Yuan's device prepare change new budget.

This pen budget special door use at strong line change exchange drop occupy total sample book amount about 4%'s extreme degree drop solution module, take this come maintain keep back follow 10 years every year reach little 800 thousand Chinese Yuan protect bottom electric fee receive benefit rate not drop pass complete cost line.